It is also the default user shell in Solaris 11. A version is also available for Windows 10 and Windows 11 via the Windows Subsystem for Linux. Bash was one of the first programs Linus Torvalds ported to Linux, alongside GCC. First released in 1989, it has been used as the default login shell for most Linux distributions. macOS ( GPL-2.0-or-later GPL-3.0-or-later available through third parties)Ġ.99? to 1.05?: GPL-1.0-or-later īash is a Unix shell and command language written by Brian Fox for the GNU Project as a free software replacement for the Bourne shell.Here, the -y flag adds the validation apt needs to carry out the process. 183943 files and directories currently installed.) Get:25 focal-updates/main amd64 ubuntu-report amd64 1.6.1ubuntu0.1 Optionally, we can modify the upgrade command to download and install the packages without prompts: Next, the upgrade command waits for confirmation to download and install. These upgrades can come from previous info on system updates that weren’t upgraded.Īfter using apt-update, we can run apt-get upgrade to download and install available upgrades in one go: $ sudo apt-get upgradeĢ5 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 7 not upgraded.Īfter this operation, 41.5 MB of additional disk space will be used.Īgain, the output shows that the command first reads the package lists, which contain the metadata from the update command. However, the upgrade command can proceed if there are available upgrades already on the system. The following packages have been kept back:Ġ upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1 not upgraded Without any available update on the system, the apt-get command doesn’t upgrade any package: $ sudo apt-get upgrade Usually, the update command precedes the upgrade command. Of course, it gets the data from the sources in the /etc/apt/sources.list file. The command apt-get upgrade installs the newest versions of all packages on the system. Otherwise, the data for the sources in the /etc/apt/sources.list file remains the same, in which case apt list –upgradable might not show any available updates: Note that it’s important to run apt-get update first before running apt list –upgradable. In addition, it shows the new upgrade version and gives a hint on the version change like in the example: Now, the output of this command is a list of all upgradable packages. To list all the packages available for updating, assuming we’ve already run apt-get update, we can use the apt list –upgradable command: $ apt list -upgradableĭbus-user-session/focal-updates,focal-security 1.12.16-2ubuntu2.3 amd64 ĭbus-x11/focal-updates,focal-security 1.12.16-2ubuntu2.3 amd64 ĭbus/focal-updates,focal-security 1.12.16-2ubuntu2.3 amd64 ĭistro-info-data/focal-updates,focal-updates 0.43ubuntu1.11 all įirefox-locale-en/focal-updates,focal-security 107.0+build2-0ubuntu0.20.04.1 amd64 While the update command refreshes the package cache, it doesn’t list all the possible updates. Inactive sources are commented out using a # at the beginning of the line. The sources set on the system are defined via deb-src. We can view the content of the sources.list file using the cat command: $ cat /etc/apt/sources.list
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